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She has a Master's degree in History. Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. Putin's Russia is headed for a military dictatorship - and total collapse. In oligarchies, the threat of a military coup comes from the strength of the military weighed against the concessions made to the military. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. At various points in the 20th and 21st centuries, during periods of domestic or foreign crisis, most constitutional regimes conferred emergency powers on the executive, suspending constitutional guarantees of individual rights or liberties or declaring some form of martial law. Although governing elites in these societies are no longer recruited from a single class, they are often not subjected to effective restraints on the exercise of their power. [32], One-party dictatorships became prominent in Asia and Eastern Europe during the Cold War as communist governments were installed in several countries. Unitary Government Examples, Pros & Cons | What is a Unitary Government? Elections also support the legitimacy of a dictatorship by presenting the image of a democracy, establishing plausible deniability of its status as a dictatorship for both the populace and foreign governments. Military dictatorships are notorious for human rights abuses and the denial of political and social freedoms. What is a dictatorship? [72] The societal upheaval caused by World War I and the unstable peace it produced further contributed to instability that benefited extremist movements and rallied support for their causes. [92] Deng Xiaoping took power as the de facto leader of China after Mao's death and implemented reforms to restore stability following the Cultural Revolution and reestablish free market economics. The earliest military dictatorships developed in the post-classical era, particularly in Shogun-era Japan and in England under Cromwell. Make a poster, chart, or some other type of graphic organizer that shows the methods dictators use to control their people. A self-proclaimed leader, usually an army officer, heading a private army typically formed from the peasantry with the support of provincial landowners, established his control over one or more provinces, and then marched upon the national capital. Question . It has fewer advantages than disadvantages Advantages Low crime rates. Leslie Beecher has been in the field of education for over 15 years serving as a tutor, teacher and instructional designer. Parties that take power through violence are often able to implement larger changes in a shorter period of time. [4] A unified inner circle has the capacity to overthrow a dictator, and the dictator must make greater concessions to the inner circle to stay in power. [117] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. As the Cold War went on, the Soviet Union increased its influence in Africa, and MarxistLeninist dictatorships developed in several African countries. Ancient philosophers descriptions of the tyrannies of Greece and Sicily go far toward characterizing modern dictatorships. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. The crucial elements of both were the identification of the state with the single mass party and of the party with its charismatic leader, the use of an official ideology to legitimize and maintain the regime, the employment of a terroristic police force and a controlled press, and the application of all the means of modern science and technology to control the economy and individual behaviour. [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. Meaning of Dictatorship. [64][65][66], Dictatorship developed as a major form of government in the 19th century, though the concept was not universally seen pejoratively at the time, with both a tyrannical concept and a quasi-constitutional concept of dictatorship understood to exist. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. It either lies with a single person or a small group of people. In the new states of Africa and Asia after World War II, dictators quickly established themselves on the ruins of constitutional arrangements inherited from the Western colonial powers that had proved unworkable in the absence of a strong middle class and in the face of local traditions of autocratic rule. [104] A one-party communist dictatorship was formed in Cuba when a US-backed dictatorship was overthrown in the Cuban Revolution, creating the only Soviet-backed dictatorship in the western hemisphere. The Kim family, specifically Supreme Leaders Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un, has ruled North Korea since 1948. After World War II, for example, in both the United States and Britain, the use of extraordinary powers by the executive came to a halt with the end of the wartime emergency. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The person dominates all the subjects of the country or state which he's ruling. These caudillos, or self-proclaimed leaders, usually led a private army and tried to establish control over a territory before marching upon a weak national government. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. The 20th-century dictatorships in Latin American countries had different aims. [49] In an absolute monarchy, power is limited to the royal family, and legitimacy is established by historical factors. Military Dictatorship: Definition and Examples - ThoughtCo The Democracy-Dictatorship Index is seen as an example of the minimalist approach, whereas the Polity data series is more substantive. They seize power to benefit themselves, their families and their close political allies. Of the 197 countries in the world today, approximately 20 are classified as dictatorships, depending upon the source consulted. Oligarchic tendencies of a lesser degree have been detected in all the great bureaucratic structures of advanced political systems. Military dictatorships may be ruled by a single high-ranking military officer or by a group of such officers. There are three main characteristics of a dictatorship. Nazi Germany under Hitler and the Soviet Union under Stalin are the leading examples of modern totalitarian dictatorships. In the Roman Republic, the title "dictator" was temporarily given to an individual to deal with state crises and emergencies. What is a Dictatorship? Examples and Characteristics - Study.com All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna in Mexico and Juan Manuel de Rosas in Argentina are examples of such leaders. Forms of Government: Definition & Types | StudySmarter The dictatorships that resulted proved highly unstable, and few of the individual dictators were able to satisfy for long the demands of the different groups that supported their bids for power. Later 20th-century dictators in Latin America were different. Under this system, there are three types of dictatorships. While the term has been used several times throughout history, most common usage of the term is in relation to different types of dictatorships that existed in the 20th and 21st centuries. In recent centuries, the dictatorships that replaced monarchies also evolved. The National Liberation Front & People's Army of Vietnam | History, Purpose & Strategy, The Power of the Federal Judiciary: Sources & Consequences, Totalitarian Government | Characteristics & Examples. You won't find a dictator who calls himself a dictator. [122] The form of government does not correlate with the amount of economic growth, and dictatorships on average grow at the same rate as democracies, though dictatorships have been found to have larger fluctuations. Dictatorship - HISTORY CRUNCH - History Articles, Biographies Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin were the leading examples of such modern totalitarian dictatorships. Today, dictators do not rise in response to an emergency and the position is not temporary. Dictators tend to resort to force or fraud to gain political power. [54], Asia saw several military dictatorships during the post-classical era. In which one may be a senior politician or any group owns all the authority for ruling over the country. These countries maintain parliaments and human rights organizations, but these remain under the control of the countries' respective dictators. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. Most today are one of five types: Approximately 10% of countries today are considered dictatorships. When letters make sounds that aren't associated w One goose, two geese. Many forces at work in the late 20th and early 21st centuries have appeared to lend impetus to the rise of monocratic forms of rule. [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The use of the term dictatorship originated in the Roman Republic. [26], A dictatorship may fall because of a military coup, foreign intervention, negotiation, or popular revolution. [50] Monarchies allow for strict rules of succession that produce a peaceful transfer of power on the monarch's death, but this can also result in succession disputes if multiple members of the royal family claim a right to succeed. The term dictatorship comes from the Latin title dictator, which in the Roman Republic designated a temporary magistrate who was granted extraordinary powers in order to deal with state crises. 1 : the office of dictator 2 : autocratic rule, control, or leadership people suffering under his dictatorship 3 a : a form of government in which absolute power is concentrated in a dictator or a small clique Communism and dictatorship b : a government organization or group in which absolute power is so concentrated In the contemporary world, in some countries that have not experienced the full impact of industrialization, governing elites are still often recruited from a ruling classa stratum of society that monopolizes the chief social and economic functions in the system. [2] The inner circle's support is necessary for a dictator's orders to be carried out, causing elites to serve as a check on the dictator's power. Democracy Features & Examples | What is a Democratic Country? The economic focus of a dictatorship often depends on the strength of the opposition, as a weaker opposition allows a dictator to extract additional wealth from the economy through corruption. Dictators usually come to power through some kind of violent struggle, rather than the peaceful passage of power that we take for granted in the United States. Dictatorship - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal Dictionary Speaking on May Day, he said, "Today our working-class . . Most caudillos came from a military background, and their rule was typically associated with pageantry and glamor. That's because 'dictator' is a pejorative term assigned to certain rulers by other nations, particularly the developed nations of the West - that is, countries with thriving economies - such as the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and many others. Learn a new word every day. [102] The stability of the Soviet Union weakened in the 1980s. Displaying 1 - 20 of 68 articles. Dictatorship - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In the most brutal dictatorships, the citizens live in extreme poverty because the government withholds food and supplies in order to keep the people under control. [75] Lenin was followed by Joseph Stalin in 1924, who consolidated total power and implemented totalitarian rule by 1929. Single-party dictatorships were most common during the Cold War, with dominant-party dictatorships becoming more common after the fall of the Soviet Union. The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. During this time, the country was ruled by a military junta headed by General Augusto . [143], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. Under presidents Fidel Castro and Raul Castro, Cuba has been known for its routine use of false imprisonment, forced separation of families and public beatings to suppress political opposition. President Biden is expected to make his reelection announcement as soon as Tuesday, beginning the 80-year-old career politician's final campaign. FM to become first Israeli minister in nearly 30 years to visit the closed central Asian dictatorship, an oil-rich state on Iranian border . [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. It does not involve any electoral process for the appointment. [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! [142] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. Updates? [46], The shift in the power relation between the dictator and their inner circle has severe consequences for the behavior of such regimes as a whole. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. Delivered to your inbox! [144] Military and one-party dictatorships are more likely to experience terrorism than personalist dictatorships, as these regimes are under more pressure to undergo institutional change in response to terrorism. The dictatorship was established after the democratically elected socialist government of Salvador Allende was overthrown in a coup d'tat backed by the United States on 11 September 1973. [43] This idea references the heavy reliance on repression of the public in order to stay in power, which creates incentives for all constituents to falsify their preferences, which does not allow for the dictator to know the genuine popular beliefs or his realistic measure of societal support. Similarly, although the 1958 constitution of the Fifth Republic of France contained far-reaching emergency powers conferred on the presidentwhen the institutions of the Republic, the independence of the nation, the integrity of its territory or the fulfillment of its international obligations are threatened with immediate and grave danger, and when the regular functioning of the constitutional authority is interruptedtheir implicit threat to the constitutional order has not been realized. There are no checks and balances of power that these leaders need to conform to. Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez spoke out in support of the Israeli judicial reform protests in a video that was screened at the anti-judicial reform demonstrations in Tel Aviv on Saturday . New forms of oligarchic rule have also made their appearance in many advanced industrial societies. In many cases, of course, such provisions have been the instruments with which dictators have overthrown the regime. The proclamation of emergency rule, for example, was the beginning of the dictatorships of Hitler in Germany, Benito Mussolini in Italy, Kemal Atatrk in Turkey, Jzef Pisudki in Poland, and Antnio de Oliveira Salazar in Portugal. [131], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. Between the 1990s and the 2000s, most dictators moved away from being "larger-than-life figures" that controlled the populace through terror and isolated themselves from the global community. Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that have a combination of these classifications. Dictatorships in the Middle East and Northern Africa are either illiberal republics in which a president holds power through unfair elections, or they are absolute monarchies in which power is inherited. Definition of Dictatorship Noun Absolute, imperious, or haughty power or control. Government Overview, Purpose & Types | What is a Government? Most dictatorship countries do not refer to their leader as a dictator, but rather as kings, presidents, prime ministers, etc. [29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. It often refers to a form of government that has the authority of absolute rule within one person or a structured polity. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. He can rule on anyone,. Lesley has taught American and World History at the university level for the past seven years. They differ from other forms of dictatorships in that the dictator has greater access to key political positions and the government's treasury, and they are more commonly subject to the discretion of the dictator. The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. What is a Dictatorship? Definition, Feature & Characteristics In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. It was initially aligned with Yugoslavia, but its alignment shifted throughout the Cold War between Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and China. This person is called a dictator. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. Dictators tend to resort to force or fraud to gain political power. This page was last edited on 27 April 2023, at 19:44. In 1989, the Soviet Union was dissolved, and communism was abandoned by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe through a series of revolutions. Between 1950 and 2016, one-party dictatorships made up 57% of authoritarian regimes in the world,[26] and one-party dictatorships have continued to expand more quickly than other forms of dictatorship in the latter half of the 20th century. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'dictatorship.'