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Not to be outdone by Los Angeles, San Francisco had a greater feat in mind: dam the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park and pipe the water into San Francisco. There are many places to stop and enjoy views of the rushing water before turning around to return to your car. As we learned from Rachel Carsons Silent Spring, humankind can damage the environment while attempting to control it. He had to then appease both the conservatives and progressives. Progressives differed on their approach. He exerted firm control over his cabinet and delegated real authority only to those whose loyalty to The constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote. He had journeyed to Washington to lobby the federal government on behalf of the project. They wrote letters to each other regularly. The gently rolling terrain has excellent views of the water and eye-catching Kolana Rock, which towers roughly 2,000 feet above. o 146 workers (most women) died. Many viewed saloons as sources of drunkenness, violence, and occasionally murder. of terror in the first years of the twentieth century. o Laws passed restricting lobbying by business interests in state legislatures. Instead, the magnificence of a valley often described as Yosemite Valleys slightly smaller twin takes center stage. taken to Pinchothead of the Forest Servicewho took the information to the president. What sparked the settlement house movement? He brought together a coalition that would support his program. Other trails also continue to Lake Vernon. Some argued society required a distinctive female "sphere"wives and mothers. Today, the National Park and U.S. Forest Service embody the legacy of Muir and Pinchots alliance. Third, dams alter natural habitats and change the ways in which rivers function. Her poetic descriptions of Hetch hetchy won her the attention of powerful members of Congress. Who was Robert La Follette? Was everyone satisfied with the amendment? Some opposed "bigness" because the considered it inefficient. The walls of both are of gray granite, rise abruptly out of the flowery grass and groves are sculptured in the same style, and in both every rock is a glacial monument., (Source: Journal of Sierra Nevada History & Biography, Hetch-Hetchy, Natural History Before The Dam, Joe Medeiros), In defense of Hetch Hetchy, Muir crafted some of his most famous prose. Where did Roosevelt and Taft gain support for becoming the Republican presidential candidate? Once again, the political pendulum would swing. o They advocated a single union for all workers and abolition of the "wage slave" system Hetch Hetchy | Hetch Hetchy Dam & Reservoir History | Yosemite.com Expect delicious meals and hearty portions to fuel your adventure or beat that post-hiking hunger. many other states. 1901 doctors reorganized the American Medical Association into a national professional society. The shares paid a dividend of $0.87\$ 0.87$0.87 per share during ownership. William Howard Taft became president in 1909. 02/08/2011. Hetch Hetchy is the incredible story of Americas most controversial dam and the birth of the environmental movement. During the opening months of his administration, Taft called Congress into special session to lower protective rates. San Francisco had its eyes on this water source early on and repeatedly tried to acquire water rights to the Tuolumne River. Learn what to expect from Mirror Lake in various seasons. View of the OShaughnessy Dam and the Hetchy Hetchy Road and parking. Enjoy elegant touches like wrap-around porches, and fresh-baked cookies served daily. . suffered defeat). o Divorce rate grew. Who was in charge and where did they gain their support? Slow-moving reservoirs heat up, resulting in abnormal temperature fluctuations which can affect sensitive species. Roosevelt continued with the lawsuit and the Supreme Court ruled that the Northern Securities Company must be dissolved. Chapter 28 APUSH Flashcards - Cram.com Some hydro-power dams withhold and then release water to generate power for peak demand periods, which is particularly disruptive to migrating fish. Amateur and professional. Mirror Lakes famous spring-time reflections capture the eye and mind. What impact did Roosevelt have on American conservation? o Settlement houses Muir argued that every remaining acre of unentered forest-bearing land in all the country . Robert W. Righter. The Battle Over Hetch Hetchy: America's Most . [11] Due to Union pressures, other similar laws were passed in Report scam, HUMANITIES, Winter 2020, Volume 41, Number 1, The National Endowment for the Humanities, State and Jurisdictional Humanities Councils, HUMANITIES: The Magazine of the National Endowment for the Humanities, SUBSCRIBE FOR HUMANITIES MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION, Sign up for HUMANITIES Magazine newsletter, The Founder of the Appalachian Trail Imagined Something Even Grander, Chronicling America: History American Newspapers. Historians of the American conservation movement regard Pinchot as the foremost exemplar of the utilitarian approach to conservation, according to which man has a right to use natural resources, but also an obligation to use them wisely and efficientlyor as the classic criterion put it, the greatest good for the greatest number over the long run. As applied to forests and espoused by Pinchot, this meant that the nations forest reserves ought not to be maintained as inviolate sanctuaries, but opened to enlightened management.. Level. They also remove water needed for healthy in-stream ecosystems. High value placed on education and individual accomplishment. Legal walls must be built about them for defense, for every park will be attacked. o Land and resourcescontrolled by federal government. 10. preservationists (John Muir) vs. conservationists (Gifford Pinchot), Hetch Hetchy controversy 11. The Battle Over Hetch Hetchy: America's Most Controversial Dam and the Controversy continues to swirl around the Hetch Hetchy Dam even now. APUSH Unit 7: Chapter 28 Flashcards | Quizlet Photo: Kim Lawson. It pitted Gifford Pinchot, America's first forester, against John Muir, America's legendary conservationist. The grassroots organization of environmental activism, established by John Muir and his supporters, became a model for future environmentalists. . At the time, suffrage seemed a radical demand. Direct Primary and Recall Socialist Party of America If you delight in getting off the well-beaten path, or if you are looking for a peaceful natural retreat, its perfection. An unhealthy environment could lead to ignorance, poverty and even criminality. Materials: 14 Document Facsimiles The Battle over Hetch Hetchy - Google Books In spite of Muirs eloquent and heated objections, the Raker Act was signed into law in December of 1913. What was the Socialist Party of America? . For John Muir, it was about preserving a natural wonder which could be enjoyed by generations to come. What did the congressional elections of 1910 show? Eventually, when the issue was put on a ballot in 1908, it passed and construction of the dam began after World War I. Roosevelt's progressive political policy that favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice, nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912. In 1896, the Democratic political platform. The Hetch Hetchy Valley was within Yosemite National Park and protected by the Federal Government, leaving it up to Congress to decide the valley's fate. For Muir, damming Hetch Hetchy was a blasphemy. What was it committed to? It involved the unintended consequences of efforts to shape the environment to meet human needs. Taft made Richard A. Ballinger as 44. Robert La Follette: governor of Wisconsin. Theodore Roosevelt led the fight in favor of building a dam at Hetch Hetchy. Most people called it Hetch Hetchy, a mispronunciation of a Central Mohawk word for a plant that indigenous people were harvesting there when the first white man came along.. The Federal Reserve Act set up a system of federal banks and gave the government power over the money supply. For most of the year the waterfall offers a refreshing shower or cooling mist along with an amazing view. The new 68-mile (109 km) railroad wound its way up the narrow canyon of the Tuolumne River past sharp curves and up steep 4% grades. The law imposed a heavy tax on products of child labor. How did this affect other professions? On U.S. Forest Service land, the interests of mining and lumber companies are balanced with the recreational pursuits of hunters, snowmobilers, and cross-country skiers. Montana In the 1890s, America faced an environmentalcrisis. special experiences and special sensitivities. What should be the fate of prairies, wetlands, or coastal marshes? Regarding labor issues, Roosevelt was willing to look at the side of the workers, not just the employers. His path roughly follows the John Muir Highway State Highway 132 that runs from Highway 49 in Coulterville up through Greeley Hill before connecting back into Highway 120 before Buck Meadows and the turn-off to Hetch Hetchy. Clayton suggests that we are drawn to this conflict because its two characters embody deep conflicts within the American experience. In the mountainous West, land set aside for homesteading sat unclaimed, too distant and treacherous for prospective farmers, and entirely unprotected by the government. Answer (a), (b), and (c). As John Clayton writes, At the height of Progressivism, Phelan and other good-government types believed that the city should administer its own utilities. o Assistant secretary of the navyproponent of expansion The battle went on for over a decade over whether or not to have a dam. The Hetch Hetchy Controversy, 1903-13 Additional Resources in the Library of Congress The Library of Congress's General Collections include many materials related to the Hetch Hetchy controversy: books, pamphlets, and government documents. John Muir - Wikipedia Guinn v. United States (1915): Supreme Court declared the grandfather clause in Oklahoma law was unconstitutional. How did Teddy Roosevelt become president? Hetch Hetchy controversy Panic of 1907 William Howard Taft's presidency Children's Bureau New Nationalism election of 1912 The Progressive Party Woodrow Wilson's presidency New Freedom Federal Reserve act Keatings-Owen act "Big Stick" Diplomacy Open Door Policy Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Platt amendment Panam Canal The landscape painter Bierstadt, who brought his German Romantic training to the valley in 1862, gave the world an even larger portrait, and one in extravagant color, that photographers could not match on any scale. Strengthen the government's ability to break up trusts. Reformers viewed state legislatures as corruptincompetent, corrupt, controlled by party bosses. "New woman"a product of social and economic changes Hetch Hetchy is on the main stem of the Tuolumne River and is part of the Tuolumne watershed. America needed enlightened experts and well-designed bureaucracies to create stability. Hetch Hetchy - Wikipedia If youre up for a driving adventure, try taking a little extra time to retrace parts of the route John Muir described in his book, My First Summer in the Sierra. In 1913, Woodrow Wilson appointed Lane his Secretary of the Interior. What professions were considered "suitable" for women? The Battle Over Hetch Hetchy: America's Most Controversial Dam and the Birth of Modern Environmentalism | Oxford Academic Online ISBN: 9780199788934 Print ISBN: 9780195149470 Publisher: Oxford University Press Book The Battle Over Hetch Hetchy: America's Most Controversial Dam and the Birth of Modern Environmentalism Get access Robert W. Righter Who was picked to be Roosevelt's successor? conditions of the industrial workplace. Monroe was a Chicago poet who joined Muir and others on their 1908 and 1909 outings to the valley. As the battle lines were drawn, the different methods employed by each side in presenting their case spoke to some of their basic assumptions about the nature of the issue. Residents from San Francisco, however, wanted to use the territory to get water for their growing population. 4.9 (8 reviews) A reform movement led by Protestant ministers who used religious doctrine to demand better housing and living conditions for the urban poor. The same features that make Hetch Hetchy Valley so spectacular also make it an ideal location for a dam. Although Wilson got only 42% popular vote, he won an overwhelming electoral victory and a Democratic majority in congress. Du Bois towards race relations? When Taft lost progressive support in 1909, Roosevelt refused to back Taft in the election of 1912, so Roosevelt and his supporters set up the Progressive Party, called the Bull Moose Party with Roosevelt as their candidate. B. led to a diversification of research interests. As well dam for water-tanks the peoples cathedrals and churches, for no holier temple has ever been consecrated by the heart of man . o Secret ballot Building a dam there was off the table. (Source: American Rivers, How Dams Damage Rivers). In 1900, the emergence of research laboratories in American corporations. Municipal government (city) became one of the first targets of those working for political reform. In 1987, President Reagans Secretary of the Interior, Donald Hodel, proposed that Hetch Hetchy be restored. Guests at these suites receive breakfast on their patios. Men and municipalities who wish something for nothing will encroach upon them, if permitted. was the first American president to take an active interest in environmental conservation o "Antimonopoly": fear of concentrated powerneed to limit and disperse authority and wealth. Muir would die just over a year later, and many would define Hetch Hetchy as the tragic climax of his life. Fourth, dams alter water quality. What approach did W.E.B. By the turn of the century, many turned their attention to the government (especially urban political machines). What part should mountains, rivers, natural meadows or wild creatures play in American life? As we all know, there is no use of water that is higher than the domestic use., He went on to say, We come straight to the question of whether the advantage of leaving this valley in a state of nature is greater than the advantage of using it for the benefit of the city of San Francisco..