1 gram of antimatter explosion radius

[4] As such, Hui Chen of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory dismissed concerns about antimatter bombs in 2008 as "unrealistic". 3.5 nanograms of antimatter would equal the amount of explosive in an average hand grenade with about an effective 15m blast/shrapnel radius. Check the revision history; if it's appropriate, feel free to roll back my roll back! $361,000,000 km^2$ to cover, you'd need another 3,009 MIEVs. ", "Mount St. Helens -- From the 1980 Eruption to 2000, Fact Sheet 036-00", "USGS Earthquake Hazards Program: Energy and Broadband Solution: OFF W COAST OF NORTHERN SUMATRA", Currently deployed U.S. nuclear weapon yields, Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons, "Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga TongaHunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption from pressure measurements", "The eruption of Krakatoa, August 27, 1883", "Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance", "Global nuclear weapons: downsizing but modernizing", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "Minimize Harm and Security Risks of Nuclear Energy", "Hurricane FAQ NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory", "Tambora 1815: Just How Big Was The Eruption? These collisions produce precisely equal amounts of matter and antimatter. This one bullet would be equivalent to 378 grams of TNT, which is more powerful than a modern grenade. And yet, a piece of fruit makes antimatter too. Simple? The resulting temperatures would be "well beyond the upper limit for life and the surface of the Earth would have been baked free of living microbes." "[When] a proton and antiproton annihilate each other, their mass completely disappears," Professor Dosersays. Supposed you have successfully build a special tomahawk missile entirely composed of antimatter, this method of conversion of mass to energy greatly dwarfs any conventional nuclear reactions. This sounds like a good thing at first, but it just means that antimatter weapons could be seen as more politically acceptable, and therefore more likely to be used in warfare. Supposing we had one antimatter bomb, how much antimatter would we need in order to completely blow up the Earth into millions of pieces. When the antimatter starts reacting antiprotons and positrons will be kicked away, mixing with the air. If you have an absurdly large fireball it will tend to spread more upwards (less pressure, longer mean-free path) and send a big plasma cloud up - bad from an electromagnetic pulse, ozone layer and IR energy igniting stuff perspective. Likewise, the antimatter counterpart to a proton is the anti-proton which has the same mass as a proton but with a negative charge. For more information, please see our Currently we use fusion not antimatter, however whereas fusion only converts 1% of the fuels mass energy into thrust, antimatter can convert 40%. But why do so many Christians still claim that God used the Big Bang to create the universe, especially when this scientifically bankrupt speculation contradicts the Genesis creation account in so many ways?5 The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. Assuming perfect accuracy and a teleporter? Collisions between high-energy photons can result in a pair of matter/antimatter particles. 1 gram of antimatter explosion radius. "Perhaps, just under four billion years ago, the Earth could have been hit by asteroids up to 400 kilometers across, forty times bigger than the one that is supposed to have been responsible for the K/T extinctions. "In the case of a chemical reaction, you're transforming only about a millionth of the mass of the object of the molecule into energy,"Professor Doser says. Why are players required to record the moves in World Championship Classical games? E = mc^2 Each gram of antimatter will release roughly twice as much energy as the Hiroshima bomb. There's not really any point translating that to Australian dollars because it's absurd either way. The approximate radiant heat energy released during 3-phase, 600V, 100kA, Conventional bombs yield from less than one ton to, A real 0.454-kiloton-of-TNT (1.90TJ) charge at. When antimatter collides with matter it can end up creating the largest explosion in human history. The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. Squared it is 89,875,517,900,000,000 or about 9.010 16. Did you get it? Small TNT explosions, especially in the open, don't tend to burn the carbon-particle and hydrocarbon products of the explosion. c is the speed of light which is 299,792,458 meters per second. Use this specific gravity calculator to find the specific gravity of different materials and see whether they will float or sink. Antimatter: how the world's most expensive and explosive - ABC Though one of the answer does say that we would need 1.3 trillion tonnes of antimatter to blow up the Earth. But because this claim is not based on any empirical science, its never been anything more than pure speculation. The previous answer covered the bases fairly well for options 1 and 3. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. How Antimatter Spacecraft Will Work | HowStuffWorks Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Energy = The universe began to cool and then expand. Converts antimatter to energy in joules. What are the arguments for/against anonymous authorship of the Gospels, Weighted sum of two random variables ranked by first order stochastic dominance. Matter-antimatter annihilation from a hypothetical macroscopic explosion would produce the same particles as proton-antiproton annihilation in microscopic quantities in accelerator experiments. For the similarly named weight measurements, see, The explosion from a 14-kiloton nuclear test at the. I was planning on adding more to this response, but I think Serban covered it as well as I can for numbers #1 and #2. Quora - A place to share knowledge and better understand the world "One particle is left over out of a billion, and this one particle out of a billion is everything we see in the Universe. They did it by creating a magnetic bottle called a Minimum Magnetic Field Trap. This result is only bizarre for someone who has a prior commitment to the Big Bang model. thanks for the detailed answer! Unconventional Rocket Drives - Antimatter Propulsion The solar irradiance on Earth every second. A city entirely? Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Ubuntu won't accept my choice of password. Anti-matter Energy Calculator The best chemical rockets, like NASA's Space Shuttle main engine, max out at around 450 seconds, which means a pound of fuel will produce a pound of thrust for 450 seconds. Counting and finding real solutions of an equation. Joules. Where can I find a clear diagram of the SPECK algorithm? It's exactly the same as matter, except all the electrical charges of its component parts are reversed. The antimatter bomb is something any country rich enough could potentially make but its so expensive no country has put in the effort. For that you can recreate the meteor that made the dinosaurs extinct (100 trillion tons of TNT) with about two tons of antimatter in one spot. I mean, in Star Trek, they use Matter/Antimatter reactions to power their starships, it's pretty powerful. However as science progresses it may be affordable to make an antimatter bomb with significantly more power than a nuclear bomb. The damage done to the biosphere here is more due to pressure and heat than radioactivity. Space Mechs or Tanks or Planes or Marines - Fighting in space without blowing up each other's starships. We know from the show that they use Deuterium and Anti-Deuterium, so not a "complex" element compared to say, using Uranium and Anti-Uranium. It's not them. Given that 1 ton is equal to 2240 pounds or 1016.046909 kg we should be able to scale up the explosive yield simply. $\begingroup$ For shooting it through the air: you need to have some kind of containment anyway and a single gram of antimatter-matter annihilation is like an atombomb going off so you dont need much. Source: Ian Goddard and Cockell, Charles S. Impossible Extinction. Different types of antimatter require different types of traps. Antimatter: Most Expensive Substance on Earth - Science to go 2 * (mass of earth) * c^2 And the answer is $1.0735089\times10^{42}$ J (joules) Wolfram Alpha gave the following helpful equivalency: $( \frac{1}{93} )\times$ energy released from a supernova $(\approx 1\times 10 . However, the mean free path is so short at ambient pressure that they will react before going far (doing it in the upper atmosphere might produce a much larger and fuzzier fireball). This form is part of the U.S. implementation of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and is submitted voluntarily by mines that conduct blasts with over 300 short tons "TNT equivalent" of explosives. [3] Cost [ edit] When groups of people are asked to name the most expensive substance, the variety of answers is hilarious. Given how difficult it is to make antimatter, this is probably the only way could do so using antimatter within the next 100 years. The word "antimatter" is not even mentioned anywhere in your question. You can crash 10km sized asteroids into it, and there'll still be some survivors to whine about the injustice of it all. A more realistic method might be to create a nuclear winter, by blowing dust up into the sky. Taken shamelessly from my previous answer here. 1 gram of antimatter explosion radius - isgho-sup.com Pro: Clean blasts, little of that nasty radioactive slag. the algonquin club boston cookies that taste like mcdonaldland cookies 0 Comments 1 View 0 Likes. The same technology could theoretically be used to make very small and possibly "fission-free" (very low nuclear fallout) weapons (see pure fusion weapon). Professor Doser leads a team studying this strange, expensive, explosive stuffin the wonderfully named Antimatter Factory. The storage rings on the spacecraft will hold the antimatter. Or a kilogram? You get high-energy (~100 MeV) gammas, medium-energy (e.g., 511 keV) gammas, pions, muons, and neutrinos. As of now an antimatter bomb, large enough to cause any damage, wont be made because its just so expensive to make. Blast Radius Calculator Mathematically, the ratio of the weight of the explosives (W and W) is proportional to the ratio of the cube of range (R and R), i.e. The reaction of 1 kg of antimatter with 1 kg of matter would produce 1.8 10 17 J (180 petajoules) of energy (by the mass-energy equivalence formula, E=mc 2), or the rough equivalent of 43 megatons of TNT - slightly less than the yield of the 27,000 kg Tsar Bomba, the largest thermonuclear weapon ever detonated. "Antimatter appears every single time matter appears," Professor Doser says. ", "La Garita Mountains grew from volcanic explosions 35 million years ago", "The thought experiment: What would happen if the supervolcano under Yellowstone erupted? The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184gigajoules (1gigacalorie),[1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT. Antimatter Fuel - Atomic Rockets Frank Close, a particle physicist at the University of Oxford, points out the time problem, too. Speed it up enormously 3. Answer (1 of 6): Let's assume a gram of antihydrogen, which would release about 2 GeV per annihilation. Now we need to know how this works in tons. It seems like 2, 200kg antimatter bombs, in short succession, dropped into the Yellowstone Caldera would be fairly certain to ignite a life ending volcanic eruption saving a trillion tons of antimatter, more or less. Unravelling this cosmic conundrum is what the researchers at CERN's Antimatter Factory are trying to do. $10^{32}J$ is simply the gravitational binding energy of the planet. TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. The same process happens in the human body too, so we're all creating anti-electrons. Divide the energy put out by this annihilation and we get $\Delta K = 14000$. You have antimatter containment capsule that only has to hold out for seconds at most when fired. Often, the responses are droll ones such as love, cocaine, cash money, computer ink, or even sex. The antihydrogen gets stuck in the area with the weakest magnetic field. Get all the latest science stories from across the ABC. A merger of two black holes, resulting in the. This means that even if a supposed Big Bang could somehow create a universe, that universe would forever remain devoid of matter, unlike the actual universe in which we live. The recipethey use at CERN's Antimatter Factory to achieve this feat is: One in every million collisions creates a proton-antiproton pair. The TNT equivalent appears in various nuclear weapon control treaties, and has been used to characterize the energy released in asteroid impacts. "You need 2,000 times more energy to make [anti-protons]," he says. The Truth about Angels, Demons and Antimatter | Live Science The relative differences between two explosives with shaped charges will be even greater. At least a trillion tons, probably an order of magnitude or so more when you account for noncentral location and dissipation loss. Still a single bomb, it destroys the earth and you have plenty of time for popcorn while you wait. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. We could make this happen if we work at it. Indiana Jones level kill you immediately radiation dosage is about 100000 rads, so that's about 290,000 kg of antiprotons spread out evenly. In fact you would need 2.5 trillion tons of antimatter. So to kill all humans you need 406,900 kg of antimatter. Nuclear weapon outputs are usually given in megatons, that being the energy released by one megaton of tnt exploding. Let's estimate the safety distance for the detonation of bare exposed 0.5kg0.5~\mathrm{kg}0.5kg of TNT. This high-pressure wave, i.e., the blast wave, travels until it interacts with an object and reflects back. The "kiloton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 terajoules (4.1841012J). Catch up with The Loop, Jock Zonfrillo remembered as an 'incredible chef' and influential member of Australia's culinary landscape, 'Until we meet in heaven': Maryborough community comes to grips with triple fatality as loved ones remembered, Perfect storm brewing for housing market and it could make buying your own home a pipedream, Reserve Bank tipped to leave interest rates on hold for a second month, ASX to open lower, Clare desperately wanted to stop drinking but she couldn't make it stick. by Weaselmancer ( 533834 ) on Monday October 04, 2004 @04:06PM ( #10432675 ) The San Francisco Chronicle is reporting that the Air Force is actively pursuing antimatter weapons. However that would require a lot more than 10kg. You can maybe kill everyone with less antimatter if you settled for giving everyone cancer instead. barrels of oil. So far, so good. [1] By way of comparison, the cost of the Manhattan Project (to produce the first atomic bomb) is estimated at US$23 billion in 2007 prices. Both antimatter and matter were created after the big bang, and the universe should be made up of 50% matter, and 50% antimatter. Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. Is it possible to transform energy stored in anti-matter into coherent radiation? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Scientists Make Big Step Towards Making Antimatter Stand Still - Forbes Particles of both antimatter and matter were created. explosions - Putting grams of antimatter in the atmosphere - Physics and our With careful planning, I expect less well less than 1 gram of antimatter would be needed to make this a bad day for the earth. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. He also rips off an arm to use as a sword. Now they're back in Kyiv, Baby with bowel obstruction died after hospital's failures, coroner finds, NT Chief Minister apologises to outgoing police commissioner over retirement settlement comments, Nouma is an island paradise but for the next year you're not allowed to swim, Live: Celebrities arrive at the Met Gala for fashion's biggest night, Texas college baseball player accidentally shot during game, Three firefighters rushed to hospital, one critical, after factory fire south of Brisbane, Live: Reserve Bank tipped to leave interest rates on hold for a second month, ASX to open lower. During this interval, the pressure rises abruptly to a peak value and then decays exponentially over time. Thankfully, outside the realms of science fiction, we won't see antimatter destroying cities anytime soon. The second is that CERN is interested infundamental research understanding things without knowing how this knowledge could be applied. Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? The NIAC is currently researching antimatter powered spaceships, and according to NASA it looks promising. For a period of time after the Big Bang there was only energy. (W/W) = (R/R). But I don't know how to calculate that. This stops it from making contact with matter. Antimatter is one of the most unstable substances in the world. Surely you remember Einstein's famous E = Mc2. This worksheet uses the property of energy called the heat of combustion or heat of explosion and is expressed in units of kilocalories per gram. Electron + positron = 2 * gamma going opposite directions and having nearly the same energy of electron + positron mass-energies. This one bullet would be equivalent to 378 grams of TNT, which is more powerful than a modern grenade. Why do you say "pure gamma"? This equivalency is most famously described in Einstein's equation: e (energy) = m (the mass of matter) xc (the speed of light) squared. Professor Doser actually thinks matter might be the evil half of this equation, with antimatter being the "good guy". The bottle is called a trap because thats what it does, it traps antimatter. How are engines numbered on Starship and Super Heavy? He says an alternative hypothesis is that we're living in a part of the Universe filled with matter but other parts might be full of antimatter. Remove a chunk from a planet? Unfortunately that is rather slow, so a few humans will likely survive in bunkers you don't know about, for quite a long time.