71(15), 762768 (2020). 9(6), 323330 (2005). Ouyang SM, Zhu HQ, Xie YN, Zou ZS, Zuo HM, Rao YW, Liu XY, Zhong B, Chen X. BMC Infect Dis. Intraoperative coagulopathy during cesarean section as an unsuspected Emerg Microbes Infect. Analysis of placental pathology after COVID-19 by - ScienceDirect eCollection 2023 Feb. Udzik J, Kowalczyk A, Waszczyk A, Nowaczyk Z, Barczyszyn A, Dziaa K, Mularczyk M, Niekrasz M. Brain Sci. Blood analysis reveals a non-typical finding in viral infections. Persistent symptoms and lab abnormalities in patients who recovered from COVID-19, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91270-8. The median incubation period for COVID-19 is 4 to 5 days; the range is 2 to 14 days (Figure 8.1). #CBurbank, CA 91504P: (818) 729-0927F: (818) 729-0961info@alphaclinicallab.com. Table 7.2 Laboratory abnormalities in severe disease. JV established the study design, preprocessed the data and wrote the manuscript. More information on hypercoagulability and COVID-19 is available from the American Society of Hematology and NIH: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with COVID-19. Results: Elevated neutrophil-to-LYM ratio (NLR), D-dimer (D-D), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-2, interferon-Y, and age were significantly associated with the severity of illness. This is related to the Test Result Value element and is closely linked to . Secretory IgA is an important factor of mucosal immunity for neutralization of toxins and pathogenic microbes30,31. Slider with three articles shown per slide. National Library of Medicine Some lab tests answer yes-or-no questions like whether you're pregnant or have certain kinds of infections. Visit our Alabama COVID-19 Dashboard Hub (Shortened Link: arcg.is/0brSGj) which houses all of our COVID-19 dashboards, including the Community Levels for General Public and the Community Transmission Levels for Healthcare Facilities. Xiong, Y. et al. Your healthcare provider may recommend other tests to rule out other conditions: Pulmonary function testing. However, hypoxia and systemic inflammation secondary to COVID-19 may lead to high levels of inflammatory cytokines16 and activation of the coagulation pathway. How to Report COVID-19 Laboratory Data | CDC Please Login to Book Appointmentsand View Lab Results. A complete blood count-based multivariate model for predicting the recovery of patients with moderate COVID-19: a retrospective study, Acute and persistent symptoms in non-hospitalized PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients, A dynamic COVID-19 immune signature includes associations with poor prognosis, Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Prospective individual patient data meta-analysis of two randomized trials on convalescent plasma for COVID-19 outpatients, Prognostic tools and candidate drugs based on plasma proteomics of patients with severe COVID-19 complications, Impact of plasmapheresis on severe COVID-19, Distinct blood inflammatory biomarker clusters stratify host phenotypes during the middle phase of COVID-19, Hematological features of persons with COVID-19, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.12.20211599, https://sand-imi-uni-muenster.shinyapps.io/CovidSymptomNetwork/, https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188/chapter/Common-symptoms-of-ongoing-symptomatic-COVID-19-and-post-COVID-19-syndrome, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-care/post-covid-conditions.html, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7445491/, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1496/5913451, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Research article network analysis of polymicrobial chronic wound infections in Masanga, Sierra Leone, Long-term comprehensive cardiopulmonary phenotyping of COVID-19, Long-haul COVID: healthcare utilization and medical expenditures 6months post-diagnosis, Pathophysiology of Post-COVID syndromes: a new perspective, Metabolic correlates of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 and Parkinsons disease (PD) do not overlap. In addition, lab values were compared between the two cohorts using 2-tailed t-tests (alpha=0.05; adjustment for multiple testing using Bonferroni correction). & Small, P. A. After adjusting for multiple testing for all lab measurements, IgA was the only parameter also among other Immunoglobulinsthat remained significantly different between patients with and without persistent symptoms (see Table 2). Californias COVID-19 State of Emergency ends today. Liver function tests. The Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a scientific and social crisis. Her blood test also showed a mild increase in the number of monocytes (immune cells) and a reduced level of lymphocytes. Genetic test. 202022 reported that 66% of patients experienced symptoms at day 6022. -. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. COVID-19 associated coagulopathy and thromboembolic disease: Commentary on an interim expert guidance. Using a long nasal swab to get a fluid sample, some antigen tests can produce results in minutes. A test result can be: Positive when something is present. result may affect your mental health and your health insurance (although laws were The test can provide information about how your body reacted to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Article COVID-19 diagnostic testing - Mayo Clinic [Internet]. Docherty AB, Harrison EM, Green CA, Hardwick HE, Pius R, Norman L, et al. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. when the level may actually be low. By doing this, the study evaluated lab abnormalities including but not limited to general infection parameters, in particular lymphopenia, being discussed as a hot-topic and prognostic factor in disease onset12,13,14. Thickness of grey edges corresponds co-occurrence of onset symptoms. Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7). (2020).https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.12.20211599. Dr Lal Path Lab Rate List - Get Complete Price List (2023 Updated PRT and RV have jointly supervised the work and contributed equally as co-senior authors. We provide molecular testing for a wide range of genetic and infectious diseases that significantly impacts patient care. Inside or outside of the reference range of what is most common for . Infect. ST-Segment Elevation in Patients with COVID-19-A Case Series, Impact on Research, Education, Licensure, and Credentialing. 5(1), 13 (2020). If you are looking for COVID-19 data related to nursing homes, visit the Centers for . COVID-19 antibody test - UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital The overall Level classification is a composite of the maturity based on these individual criteria. Ask your healthcare provider what your test results mean for you. FACT SHEET FOR HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS - Food and Drug Administration Cite this article. Alnor A, Sandberg MB, Toftanes BE, Vinholt PJ. In conclusion, lymphopenia persisted in a noticeable percentage of recovered patients. We hope to avoid unnecessary blood work-up and diagnostic testing in patients with COVID-19, Graff said. Follow-up day and symptom duration for each patient. Note that abnormal results are not considered Critical Values. Covid-19 PCR and Antibody Testing. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Yadav R, Yadav V, Pokhriyal S, Zahid U, Gandhi A. Cureus. These authors contributed equally: Richard Vollenberg and Phil-Robin Tepasse. Int J Yoga. The genetic test can be done with The COVID-19 associated cytokine storm syndrome is considered another possible driver of lymphocyte apoptosis25,26. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. These are also listed as long-term symptoms by the National Institute Health and Care Excellence18 and CDC as information for health care providers19. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. All Rights Reserved | Terms & Conditions | Privacy Policy, Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing Research, Clinical and Translational Science Center, Human Subjects Research - IRB Administration, Center for Professional Practice of Nursing, Center for Simulation and Education Enhancement, Graduate Medical Education Residencies and Fellowships, Research Education and Career Development, All UC Davis Health Staff Job Opportunities, School of Medicine Residency and Fellowship Programs, COVID-19 vaccines in the Emergency Department for unhoused patients. It helps find out if you have a genetic disorder called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. HL7 interpretation code system and value set - this is one of the few code systems that has been harmonized acros ALL HL7 product families (v2, CDA and FHIR), This data element has been used at scale between multiple different production environments to support the majority of anticipated stakeholders, I assume this is in wide use to support physician alerting and it is a CLIA requriement, so should be part of pretty much every lab report. Call for Appointment. Alpha Clinical Laboratory, INC Figure4 details lymphocyte count over all follow-up times for all cases. Passive transfer of local immunity to influenza virus infection by IgA antibody. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. This study found that a noticeable amount of COVID-19-recovered patients still had (n = 24, 21%) persistent symptoms. Platelet parameters and leukocyte morphology is altered in COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients with similar symptomatology. Macpherson, A. J., McCoy, K. D., Johansen, F.-E. & Brandtzaeg, P. The immune geography of IgA induction and function. Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: A report of five cases. The only way to find out whether you have this genetic disorder is to get tested. Laboratory abnormalities in severe disease are further described in Table 7.2. Klok FA, Kruip MJHA, van der Meer NJM, et al. If the test is done correctly, the results should be accurate. COVID-19 antibody testing - Mayo Clinic Mal. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Patients with elevated CRP levels, lymphopenia, or elevated LDH require proper management and, if necessary, transfer to the intensive care unit. Cochrane Database Syst. The authors declare no competing interests. condition). This retrospective cohort included laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection from Shanghai between March 28 and May 31, 2022. PubMedGoogle Scholar. A blood test result more typically seen in disorders associated with bone marrow diseases was found in a patient with COVID-19, a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Introduction. Considerations in prophylaxis and treatment of VTE in COVID-19 Patients. Dugas M, Grote-Westrick T, Vollenberg R, Lorentzen E, Brix T, Schmidt H, et al. Med. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (2022). Order labs online, make test appointments & get results | Labcorp For SARS-CoV lymphopenia due to thymus suppression has been proposed28. You may consider getting a genetic test before getting a blood test Procure Complete Dr. Lal Path Lab Rate List With Individuals Tests. Labs may vary in their results. This disorder is linked to abnormally low levels or There are many drivers being discussed to elucidate on the COVID-19-specific pathogenesis related to lymphopenia. Decreased platelet, lymphocyte, haemoglobin, eosinophil, and basophil count, increased neutrophil count and neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratio have been associated with COVID-19 infection and a worse clinical outcome. -, National Health Commission & National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine . In addition, most work on symptomatology has not studied clusters of co-occurring symptoms in a single patient. Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and Laboratory Findings in 35 Patients with Covid-19 and a Prolonged aPTT. Since patients with comorbidities were excluded, our study provides insights on the healthy population, in which COVID-19 disease course is not well-studied. Our study results could confirm the main persistent symptoms of COVID-19. The median age was 57 years . are a carrier, or two damaged genes, which means you have AAT deficiency. In 13% of the cases they persisted for 60 days and longer. Data and Surveillance - Alabama Department of Public Health Testing available across Southern California, less than 24 hour results. This work is a retrospective evaluation of university hospital data of patients, who recovered from COVID-19 and were screened for convalescent plasma donation eligibility. 2020;155:14351. Your healthcare provider may also recommend the test if someone in your family has Reduction and functional exhaustion of T cells in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 2023 Feb-Mar;35(1):80-83. doi: 10.55519/JAMC-01-11188. your healthcare provider about what your test results mean. XBB.1.5: What you need to know about COVID-19s Kraken variant. Post-Acute and Long-Term Covid-19 Complications and Manifestations. In the late follow-up range of 80102days, lymphopenia was still present in 5 of 35 cases (14%, follow-up range: 82-102d, median: 83d). Leukoerythroblastic reactions in blood usually indicate a significant deviation to the bodys normal immune response. What does it mean for you? Lancet. a temporary increase in your ATT level from an infection, stress, pregnancy, or the All insurances accepted. Effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus infection on peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subsets. The ethical board of the University of Mnster and the physician's chamber of Westphalia-Lippe approved the study protocol (Reference number: AZ 2020220-f-S)15. addition to the code system must be done through HL7 terminology processes, Improving patient experience of care (quality and/or satisfaction), Corresponding CLIA Reporting Requirement: Test result interpretation. SSRN 21, 3566166 (2020). Negative when something isn't present. a history of the above conditions. Wu, Z. This test is used to diagnose COVID-19. The clinical presentation and progression of patients suspected of having COVID-19 can range from mild to severe. Alpha Clinical Laboratory offers a wide array of pathological services which include molecular testing. you have AAT deficiency, you have two damaged copies of this gene. [cited 2020 Oct 22]; Available from: https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1496/5913451. 4). Healthcare | Free Full-Text | Abnormal Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Levels and Infants who have yellow skin, a sign of jaundice, may also be tested. PDF CHARTING REFERENCE INTERVALS AND FLAGGING ABNORMAL RESULTS - ARUP Lab 2020 [cited 2021 Apr 18]. Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have these problems: Asthma that can't be controlled through aggressive treatment, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Emphysema, a serious, progressive lung disease that causes breathing problems, Bronchiectasis, a lung problem that causes chronic dilation of the airways, Unexplained liver problems, especially if they appear in childhood. Persistent symptoms and lab abnormalities in patients who recovered from COVID-19. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Potential conflict of interest None declared. Among patients with persistent symptoms (n=24), the three most frequent persistent symptoms were Fatigue (n=13, 54%, min=28d, max94d), Dyspnea (29%, min=25d, max102d) and Anosmia (25%, min=41d, max91d). Abstracts of Presentations at the Association of Clinical Scientists 143. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. They may not mean you 10.1001/jama.2020.2648 Serum IgA concentration was the only lab parameter with significant difference between patients with vs without persistent symptoms with reduced serum IgA concentrations in the patient cohort of persistent symptoms (p=0.0219). What the blood tests of a COVID-19 patient can tell us - news As noted on the CDC's Reporting COVID-19 Laboratory Data page, standard use of these laboratory terminology codes ensures that the same type of test is represented uniformly across the United States. The study results show that some of the infection-related lab values remained out of range during follow-up. would. the chance of a false abnormal result. Epub 2023 Jan 16. Reporting of negative results for non-NAAT tests (rapid or antigen test results) is no longer required. likelythat you will developserious lung or liver problems. Lymphopenia was present in 13 of 112 (12%) cases. A series of blood tests to see how well your liver works. The acute phase of COVID-19 infection is defined by the symptoms occurring the first 4 weeks after initial symptom onset [8, 9].While evidence about stages beyond the acute phase is still evolving, some suggest the presence of symptoms beyond 12 weeks from onset of illness comprises post-acute COVID-19 syndrome as one group . This information can be used to identify areas that require additional work to raise the overall classification level and consideration for inclusion in future versions of USCDI, - Must be represented by a vocabulary standard or an element of a published technical specification, - Used in limited production environments, 1 or 2 different systems, - Demonstrates exchange between 2 or 3 organizations with different EHR/HIT systems, - Used by many, but not most, patients, providers or events requiring its use, Interoperability Standards Advisory (ISA), Sources of Security Standards and Security Patterns, State and Local Public Health Readiness for Interoperability, Unique Device Identifier(s) for a Patients Implantable Device(s), Administrative Transaction Acknowledgements, Enrollment and Disenrollment in a Health Plan, Health Care Eligibility Benefit Inquiry and Response, Health Care Eligibility Benefit Inquiry and Response for Retail Pharmacy Coverage, Administrative Transactions to Financial Exchanges, Electronic Funds Transfer for Payments to Health Care Providers, Health Care Payment and Remittance Advice, Health Plan Premium Payments for Covered Members, Administrative Transactions to Support Clinical Care, Health Care Attachments to Support Claims, Referrals and Authorizations, Referral Certification and Authorization for Pharmacy Transactions, Referral Certification and Authorization Request and Response for Dental, Professional and Institutional Services, Health Care Claims and Coordination of Benefits, Health Care Claim Status Request and Response, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Dental Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Institutional Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Professional Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Retail Pharmacy Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Retail Pharmacy Supplies and Professional Services, Operating Rules to Support Administrative Transactions, Operating Rules for Enrollment and Disenrollment, Operating Rules for Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) and Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA), Operating Rules for Prior Authorization and Referrals, Operating Rules to Support Claim Status Transactions, Operating Rules to Support Electronic Prescribing Transactions, Operating Rules to Support Eligibility Transactions, Appendix I Sources of Security Standards and Security Patterns, Appendix III - Educational and Informational Resources, Understanding Emerging API-Based Standards, Understanding Observations and Observation Values, Appendix IV - State and Local Public Health Readiness for Interoperability, Sending a Notification of a Long-Term Care Patients Admission, Discharge and/or Transfer Status to the Servicing Pharmacy, Sending a Notification of a Patients Admission, Discharge and/or Transfer Status to Other Providers, Sending a Notification of a Patients Encounter to a Record Locator Service, Referral from Acute Care to a Skilled Nursing Facility, Referral to a Specialist - Request, Status Updates, Outcome, Referral to Extra-Clinical Services - Request, Updates, Outcome, Documenting and Sharing Care Plans for a Single Clinical Context, Documenting and Sharing Medication-Related Care Plans by Pharmacists, Documenting Care Plans for Person Centered Services, Domain or Disease-Specific Care Plan Standards, Sharing Patient Care Plans for Multiple Clinical Contexts, Communicate Appropriate Use Criteria with the Order and Charge to the Filling Provider and Billing System for Inclusion on Claims, Provide Access to Appropriate Use Criteria, Clinical Quality Measurement and Reporting, Reporting Aggregate Quality Data for Quality Reporting Initiatives, Reporting Patient-level Quality Data for Quality Reporting Initiatives, Sharing Quality Measure Artifacts for Quality Reporting Initiatives, Establishing the Authenticity, Reliability, and Trustworthiness of Content Between Trading Partners, Exchanging Diet and Nutrition Orders Across the Continuum of Care, Family Health History (Clinical Genomics), Representing Family Health History for Clinical Genomics, Format for Sharing Social Care Services Information, Format for Structuring and Sharing Social Care Directory Information, Format of Medical Imaging Reports for Exchange and Distribution, Format of Radiation Exposure Dose Reports for Exchange and Distribution, Format of Radiology Reports for Exchange and Distribution, Medical Image Formats for Data Exchange and Distribution, Exchange InVitro Diagnostics (IVD) Orders and Results, Transmit Laboratory Directory of Services to Provider System, Medical Device Communication to Other Information Systems/Technologies, Transmitting Patient Vital Signs from Medical Devices to Other Information Systems/Technologies, Clinical Information Systems to Request Context-Specific Clinical Knowledge From Online Resources, Patient Identity/Identification Management, Recording Patient Preferences for Electronic Consent to Access and/or Share their Health Information with Other Care Providers, Allows Pharmacy Benefit Payers to Communicate Formulary and Benefit Information to Prescriber Systems, Allows a Long Term or Post-Acute Care to Request to Send an Additional Supply of Medication, Allows a Pharmacy to Notify a Prescriber of Prescription Fill Status, Allows a Pharmacy to Request Additional Refills, Allows a Pharmacy to Request a Change to a Prescription, Allows a Pharmacy to Request a New Prescription For a New Course of Therapy or to Continue Therapy, Allows a Pharmacy to Request, Respond to or Confirm a Prescription Transfer, Allows a Prescriber or a Pharmacy to Request a Patients Medication History, Allows a Prescriber to Cancel a Prescription, Allows a Prescriber to Communicate Drug Administration Events, Allows a Prescriber to Communicate with a REMS Administrator, Allows a Prescriber to Prescribe Medication Using Weight-Based Dosing, Allows a Prescriber to Recertify the Continued Administration of a Medication Order, Allows a Prescriber to Request a Patients Medication History from a State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP), Allows a Prescriber to Request, Cancel or Appeal Prior Authorization for Medications, Allows a Prescriber to Send a New Prescription to a Pharmacy, Allows a Prescriber to Send a Prescription to a Pharmacy for a Controlled Substance, Allows for Communication of Prescription Information Between Prescribers and Dispensers, Allows for the Exchange of State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) Data, Data Submission for Title X Family Planning Annual Reporting, Electronic Transmission of Reportable Laboratory Results to Public Health Agencies, Exchanging Immunization Data with Immunization Registries, Newborn Screening Results and Birth Defect Reporting to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Information to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Birth and Fetal Death to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Cancer Cases to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Death Records to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Syndromic Surveillance to Public Health (Emergency Department, Inpatient, and Urgent Care Settings), Sending Health Care Survey Information to Public Health Agencies, Data Collection for Submission to Registries and Reporting Authorities, Prepopulation of Research Forms from Electronic Health Records, Submission of Clinical Research Data Contained in EHRs and Other Health IT Systems for General Purpose or Preserving Specific FDA Requirements, Submission of Clinical Research Data to FDA to Support Product Marketing Applications, Submit Adverse Event Report from an Electronic Health Record to Drug Safety Regulators, Support a Transition of Care or Referral to Another Health Care Provider, Defining a Globally Unique Device Identifier, Representing Unique Implantable Device Identifiers, An Unsolicited "Push" of Clinical Health Information to a Known Destination and Information System User, An Unsolicited Push of Clinical Health Information to a Known Destination Between Systems, Push Communication of Vital Signs from Medical Devices, Remote Patient Monitoring to Support Chronic Condition Management, Patient Education and Patient Engagement, Providing Patient-Specific Assessments and Recommendations Based on Patient Data for Clinical Decision Support, Retrieval of Contextually Relevant, Patient-Specific Knowledge Resources from Within Clinical Information Systems to Answer Clinical Questions Raised by Patients in the Course of Care, Consumer Access/Exchange of Health Information, Collection and Exchange of Patient-Reported Outcomes, Patient Exchanging Secure Messages with Care Providers, Push Patient-Generated Health Data into Integrated EHR, Remote Patient Authorization and Submission of EHR Data for Research, View, Download and Transmit Data from EHR, Listing of Providers for Access by Potential Exchange Partners, Exchanging Images Outside a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Exchanging Images Within a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Exchanging Patient Identification Within and Between Communities, Transport for Immunization Submission and Query/Response, Data Element Based Query for Clinical Health Information, Query for Documents Outside a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Query for Documents Within a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Finding and Retrieving Human Services Information, Representing Patient Allergies and Intolerances; Environmental Substances, Representing Patient Allergies and Intolerances; Food Substances, Representing Patient Allergies and Intolerances; Medications, Representing Non-Imaging and Non-Laboratory Clinical Tests, Representing Patient Contact Information for Telecommunications, Representing Nutrition Assessment, Diagnosis, Interventions and Monitoring/Evaluation, Representing Health Care Data for Emergency Medical Services, Representing Assessment and Plan of Treatment, Representing Patient Dental Encounter Diagnosis, Representing Patient Medical Encounter Diagnosis, Representing Patient Family Health History, Representing Patient Functional Status and/or Disability, Health Care Providers, Family Members and Other Caregivers, Representing Provider Role in Team Care Settings, Representing Relationship Between Patient and Another Person, Imaging (Diagnostics, Interventions and Procedures), Representing Imaging Diagnostics, Interventions and Procedures, Representing Clinical/Nursing Assessments, Representing Patient Problems for Nursing, Patient Clinical Problem List (i.e., "Conditions"), Representing Patient Clinical Problems (i.e., Conditions), Representing Patient Preferred Language (Presently), Representing Medical Procedures Performed, Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Representing Hospital/Facility Beds Utilization, Representing Laboratory Operations (Population Laboratory Surveillance), Representing Population-Level Morbidity and Mortality, Representing Data for Biomedical and Health Services Research Purposes, Sex at Birth, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, Representing Patient-Identified Sexual Orientation, Social, Psychological and Behavioral Data, Representing Exposure to Violence (Intimate Partner Violence), Representing Social Connection and Isolation, Representing Patient Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping), Representing Patient Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Representing Patient Tobacco Use (Smoking Status), Representing Units of Measure (For Use with Numerical References and Values), Representing Job, Usual Work, and Other Work Information, http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=98 LRI: http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=279 FHIR observation in US Core lab observation profile: https://build.fhir.org/ig/HL7/US-Core/Struct, http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=279, https://build.fhir.org/ig/HL7/US-Core/StructureDefinition-us-core-observation-lab.html, https://art-decor.ihe-europe.net/art-decor/decor-templates--XDLAB-?section=templates&id=1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.3.1.6&effectiveDate=2008-08-08T00:00:00&language=en-US, https://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem-v3-ObservationInterpretation.html, THIA Comment on Laboratory: Result Interpretation, CAP Comment on Test Interpretation (Abnormal Flag) Data Element, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.