According to Samier (2005, 65), Weber also was concerned with the prospects for freedom and the fate of liberalism as a result of increased rationalization and bureaucratization of governance. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes. Anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski suggested that culture helps people meet their needs. In addition, rule bending and breaking can lead to a lack of transparency and accountability, especially if rules are bent in a way to exclude employees from full participation in the organization. D. putting the needs of the organization above competing responsibilities. d. operational group, Two best friends, married couples, and domestic partnerships are each an example of a(n) __________. b. This is one of the primary reasons for the emergence of __________, Broad categories of __________ include banking, business, education, energy, the environment, health, labor, persons with a disability, religious groups, retired persons, women, and those espousing a specific ideological viewpoint. As part of the effort to humanize bureaucracy, increased importance placed on information sharing. Though writing around the same time as Weber, Mary Parker Follett took employee psychology into account and advocated for organizations to enjoy power with rather than power over its employees (Shafrtiz and Hyde 2012, 12). b. the iron law of oligarchy Dyads are different from triads because Human rights enter the conversation around bureaucracies and ideals in two ways: (1) employees are human beings with human rights that need to be respected and (2) public bureaucracies represent governments, which means that they are carriers and often implementers of the human rights obligations of the state. For economic, social, and cultural rights, state interference is sought: the government is asked to protect individuals against human rights violations. Limitations of this article are also opportunities for future research. a. Here, the concern is whether the employees staffing government agencies are responsive to the clients the employees serve. c. totalitarian The cases of Anna and Genie are presented in the text in order to illustrate the point that_____________________________. c. Max Weber Webers bureaucracy has persisted in the public administration literature as a lens through which to analyze organizational structures. ), "Calculation of EPS and retained earnings Everdeen Mining, Inc., ended 2015 with a net profit before taxes of $436,000. Indeed, no one would have blamed the PhilHealth people if they had opted to be more bureaucratic, given the ongoing high-profile inquiries into the corruption attending disbursements of public funds. However, adopting a HRBA approach can offer important opportunities. They talk daily about each other's grandchildren, share grocery shopping trips, and offer each other advice. The U.S. Senate consists of 100 members. d. Expressive They do not truly consider the actual situation of humans within these organizations, their need, desires, and rights. A HRBA requires a differentiated approach, taking into account the humanity and specific circumstances of employees and clients of public organizations. A dozen inexperienced backpackers are preparing to settle in for the night when they realize that, someone in the group is missing. d. secondary group, Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes________________________. Both enabling bureaucracy and green tapealong with recommendations for creating effective rulesare compatible with several elements of the HRBA, including participation, transparency and accountability, and empowerment. In which type of group is the participation of all members crucial to the survival of the group? c. outgroup construction aggregate Human rights have also been incorporated into national law and are represented in most constitutions around the world. Notably, and consistent with this view, Webers opening sentence to the essay about bureaucracy (1946, 146)Modern officialdom functions in the following specific mannerindicates description rather than prescription. c. two-thirds d. primary group, __________ leadership provides emotional support for members. Functionalists Why is bureaucracy a necessary part of management in most formal organizations? the formal structure of a bureaucracy We first situate these characteristics in the modern context, before considering them through the lens of the HRBA. d. 225, People do not voluntarily become members of __________ organizations. Sociologist Amitai Etzioni classified formal organizations into three categories. That is why in societies like ours, it has become customary for people to seek the help of patrons even when they dont really need one. Easy Quiz 2. This echoes Woodard (2005): the rules (or Portillo et al.s institutionalized myths) do not reflect merit (or neutrality), and thus create issues for the achievement of a truly meritorious and neutral government bureaucracy. Which of these sociologists applied ideal type analysis and borrowed from the field of economics to study bureaucracies? HR/PUB/12/2. Using the expectations theory, compute the expected inflation rate for next year-that is, in Year 2. laissez-faire I agree to the Terms of Use and acknowledge that I have read the Privacy Policy. a. This is all so ironic. The discovery of feral children is important because they show the relevance of: The ______ is the most important agent of socialization in all societies. d. social group, __________ is the term for compliance in which people follow direct orders from someone in a position of authority. An organizational model characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules and procedures, and impersonality in personnel matters is called a(n) __________. c. Human Rights Campaign c. people in a secondary group may eventually form a primary group We now turn to critically assess the practice and implementation of characteristics of bureaucracynamely those related to merit and neutrality, and rulesfrom a human rights perspective and evaluate their compatibility with the HRBA. c. Stanley Milgram affiliation A message will be sent to your email address with instructions. Milgram's findings have never been supported by later research b. value of human rights and equal opportunity? d. reference group, In discussing primary and secondary groups, the text points out that__________________. This effort aims to improve the overall experience of interacting with government and administrative agencies, making it less bureaucratic and more streamlined. States therefore regulate labor rights and are asked to ensure equal pay for equal work, to provide basic education, to establish a social network, and to cover basic needs, such as housing, food, and medical care. which members engage in face-to-face, emotion-based interactions over an extended period of time. a. Social What is the economic structure of society? Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes________________________. Scientific management, however, held little regard for individuals working in those organizations. Political action committees b. __________ suggest that groups involve unequal power relationships so that not all members of a group are not equally likely to have their needs met. b. fad diffusion, "Bureaucratic personality" refers to_____________________________, Are political coalitions made up of individuals or groups that share a specific interest they wish to protect or advance with the help of the political system. Therefore, the bureaucratic emphasis on merit and neutrality may not be consistent with HRBA principles of nondiscrimination. a greater emphasis on sharing ideas and problem-solving approaches. Public administrations values include equity, one that deserves equal standing alongside efficiency, economy, and effectiveness. Notably, we acknowledge that human rights are afforded not just to bureaucratsor employeesbut also to those that bureaucracies serve, but focus our critique on how the HRBA applies to those within the bureaucracy. utilitarian This translates into meritthose qualified for the job are thus meritorious for the job (and notably, qualifications matter, whereas personal characteristics of individuals do not). For example, special attention needs to be paid to comprehensive and accessible information and communication as well as underserved groups who might not have a seat at the table. Chapter 5: Practice Quiz Questions Flashcards Preview 6. b. reference group Bureaucracy is a way of managing the affairs of a complex society. We develop a self-concept based on our perception of the attitudes of others. Expressive Duty holder is usually the state as it is defined by international law (e.g., countries such as the USA or Mexico). We voluntarily join __________ organizations when they can provide us with a material reward we seek. Workers create ___ ____ to confront, resist, or adapt to the constraints of their jobs, as well as to guide and interpret social relations on the job. All human rights are interrelated as the realization of one right often depends, wholly or in part, upon the realization of others. This is one of the primary reasons for the emergence of __________. c. impersonality Cody feels very antagonistic toward the Bloods and Satan's Slaves. A(n) __________ is an abstract model that describes the recurring characteristics of some phenomenon (such as bureaucracy). accommodation b. conformity Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy . This law codified merit principles that guide the federal human resources management system. a. Here, we address how current applications of bureaucratic elementsmerit and neutrality, as well as bureaucratic rulesmay not respect human rights. a division of labor. Shortly after, the human relations movement of the 20th century sought to shine light on the people within organizations (Roby 2012). As a result, we offer potential solutions for public organizations to increase their attention to equity and reinforce their commitment to human rights. b. c. anticipatory socialization Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. I assured him that PhilHealth is better run nowadays and though it might take a while to process the claim, he would eventually get his reimbursement. While they seem to pay tribute to values of equity, nondiscrimination, and participation, our analysis shows that there is need for additional engagement in these areas. It also serves to empower individuals to shape their own affairs through the right to political participation or access public services equally (Art. Joe would be considered the __________ leader of the group. Similarly, McGregor (1957) established Theory Y management as an alternative to the Theory X approach, which focused on giving orders and coercion for employees to perform. a. trained incapacity d. normative, __________ size refers to the number of potential members a group has. Rishi is a member of a reading group. The goal is to empower individuals in being active participants in the process and creates rights, responsibilities, and concrete expectations. c. Groupthink d. rationality, Sociologists refer to the process of maintaining or changing behavior to comply with the norms established by a society, subculture, or other group as __________. d. primary group, Several employees at a fast-food restaurant call in sick at the last minute. Borry, E. L., H. Getha-Taylor, and M. H. Holmes. 10+ part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes most standard Bureaucratic red tape and formalization: Untangling conceptual knots. b. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes_____. 3. For example, research on red tape (Bozeman 2000), green tape (DeHart-Davis 2009; , 2017), and rule behavior such as rule bending (Borry 2017; DeHart-Davis 2007) all relate to bureaucracys principles of written rules. d. social group, Almost __________ of Stanley Milgram's research subjects went all the way to what could have been a deadly jolt of electricity if the shock generator had been real. Within a bureaucracy, leaders have access to information that others in the organization do not have. a. Conflict theorists Interpret the meaning of the Y intercept, b0b_0b0, and the slope, b1b_1b1, in this problem. d. oligarchy, Members of a country club, sorority or fraternity, or even a group of friends share values and beliefs and are aware of those whom they believe are like them. We posit that a human-rights framework can be useful to achieve this goal: it prioritizes the individual and positions principles such as nondiscrimination, equality, participation, and empowerment at the center of the design and evaluation of processes and structures in institutions. Free Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes____________. a. It neglects that in the end, bureaucracies are essentially made up of humans who have needs, desires, and rights. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes _____. secondary group Sociology - Introductory Sociology Pre Quiz 4 - Quizgoat d. Karl Marx, We voluntarily join __________ organizations when we want to pursue some common interest or gain personal satisfaction or prestige from being a member. The specific content, nature, and implementation of human rights depends on the cultural context, but there is consensus that the protection from enslavement, prohibition of genocide and torture, rights to free speech, assembly, and political participation, fair trial and to be equal before the law, or to education are part of a basic human rights catalog. b. To many __________, groups and organizations are generally characterized by superficiality and depthlessness in social relationships. In psychologist Jean Piaget's theory, by the _____________ stage, adolescents are able to engage in highly abstract though and understand places, things, and events they have never seen. DeHart-Davis (2017) recommends that the development of new rules includes input by stakeholders, including those impacted by the rule (participation). See answer Advertisement jayilych4real succumbing to group pressure is less common than many people would like to believe d. a greater emphasis on sharing information, d. a greater emphasis on sharing information, Jocelyn is a senior at the local university and plans to attend graduate school to study sociology. totalitarian United Nations Sustainable Development Group, From the right to development to the rights-based approach: How human rights entered development. Designing a bureaucratic environment with particular attention to structural inequalities and vulnerabilities leads to a more human rights-friendly environment focused on nondiscrimination and equality. The ideal type, however, was never meant to be ideal; despite this, it has become a default framework for structuring and studying organizations, as if they should be structured as such. Through the introduction of the HRBA and analysis of bureaucratic characteristics, specifically those related to merit and neutrality and to rules, we show how the core principles of bureaucracy may not be contributing to standards of equity and the upholding of human rights. Applying the terms for problems that are frequent within bureaucracy, this is an example of __________. Further, special attention needs to be given to indirect discrimination (e.g., policies and actions that lead to inequality based on gender- or race-based blindness). A homeless man appears at the door of a shelter 10 minutes after the deadline for intake. c. conflict theorists Representative bureaucracy argues that bureaucratic power can be made more responsive to the public if the personnel who staff administrative agencies reflect the demographic characteristics of the public they serve (Sowa and Selden 2003, 700). (MRP =0=0=0 for these bonds. subjects chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants over onehalf (50 percent) of the time Self-fulfilling prophecy After conducting his research, Solomon Asch concluded that __________. part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes. A(n) __________ organization is a highly structured secondary group formed for the purpose of achieving specific goals in the most efficient manner. A HRBA brings structural issues such as inequality, discrimination, and exclusion into focus. It may be voluntary or involuntary. a greater emphasis on sharing ideas and problem-solving approaches. b. primary group While we cannot directly attribute these federal employment patterns to failed nondiscrimination policies, these studies show more work to increase nondiscrimination, diversity, and equity is necessary. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes a greater emphasis on sharing ideas and problem-solving approaches. Whenever the group meets, there is conflict among several group members, and this is upsetting to the others. Gruskin, S., D. Bogecho, and L. Ferguson. cooperative The bureaucratic tendency toward rule by the few is termed __________. It is against this background that countless campaigns to humanize the bureaucracy have been launched. Without a human-centered approach, scholars and organizations are missing important opportunities to strengthen the fourth pillar of public administration and reaping the benefits of being a human rights-based organization. a. Thus, equity is the only pillar of the four in which true concern for humans enters public administration. While bureaucracies are inevitable, organizations benefit if they ensure that their processes respect human rights and focus on equity, nondiscrimination, and fairness. b. c. George H. Mead All of these measures directly relate to the discussions on merit, neutrality, and rules discussed above. democratic A bureaucracy works when its operations are, at every point, made predictable. b. Humanizing work and busting bureaucracy - LinkedIn A group composed of three members is termed a(n) __________. a. For some civil and political rights, the goal is to limit the impact of the government in individual affairs. The company is subject to a 40% tax rate and must pay$64,000 in preferred stock dividends before distributing any earnings on c. a couple with a new baby, increasing the size of the family b. social group the image a bureaucracy presents to the media d. bureaucratic, A teacher gives students ideas for an assignment, but encourages them to be creative and pick their own subject and format. Psychology - What is Psychology? Several tenets of bureaucracy are operationalized in part or whole by the value of merit and neutrality in practice and in public administration research. With regards to rules and red tape, one stream of research may provide an antidote to the issues brought about by bureaucracys written rules: green tape. d. outgroup, Susan and Mary are middle-aged women who have been neighbors for twenty-five years. d. Cohesion, A dozen inexperienced backpackers are preparing to settle in for the night when they realize that someone in the group is missing. But rule bending may also be related to power. the iron law of oligarchy Strengths and weaknesses in a human rights-based approach to international developmentAn analysis of a rights-based approach to development assistance based on practical experiences. This may limit access to the HRBA principles of empowerment, participation, and access. d. aggregates, __________ is the term for the process by which members of a cohesive group arrive at a decision that many individual members privately believe is unwise. a greater emphasis on sharing information. Oh no, I said to myself, as I prepared to read a rant against the dysfunctional labyrinths of the Philippine bureaucracy. d. grassroots, A(n) __________ organization is a highly structured secondary group formed for the purpose of achieving specific goals in the most efficient manner. The human relations movement cared about the treatment of employees, identifying more social elements of the workplace that can influence their productivity. Red tape research considers ineffective rules, which are those that have a compliance burden but do not serve their purposes (Bozeman 2000). They become timid and cold, unable to use their judgment to help people. A. strengthening existing hierarchical structures. Cornwall, Andrea, and Celestine Nyamu-Musembi. c. Group conformity Green tape theory posits that effective rules are those that are written, have a logical means-ends relationship, are applied consistently, are optimally controlling, and have purposes that are understood (DeHart-Davis, 2009; 2017). Enforcement is an important part of the policy process. a. Talcott Parsons A HRBA therefore not only strengthens the equity pillar of public administration, but has the potential to improve the other three Es as well. Bureaucracy is an organizational model characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules and procedures, and impersonality in personnel matters. He also loves taking pictures of public facilities that bear signs of chronic neglect, even as he marvels at the endless patience of Filipinos who seem not to notice. Achieving equity in public organizations entails not only acknowledging existing inequalities and issues, but also active engagement toward a more equitable bureaucratic structure and addressing underlying structural conditions, such as education, living standards, and employment access. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes. Within a bureaucracy, leaders have access to information that others in the organization do not have. a. b. Black or blue: Racial profiling and representative bureaucracy, Merit by any other nameRefraining the civil service first principle. c. secondary group d. collective unconscious, Leaders using the __________ style of leadership may be praised for their expressive, supportive behavior toward group members, but they may also be blamed for being indecisive in times of crisis. Similarly, the use of human rights language has shown to contribute to individual empowerment and agency for underrepresented groups and foster more substantive visions of justice, provide a moral framework, and a common language to express core values of the organization with regards to equity (Ignatieff 2001).