[10] In 1605 he secured the prospective living of Jamestown, the intended capital of the intended colony of Virginia. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Hakluyt's first publication[13] was one that he wrote himself, Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America and the Ilands Adjacent unto the Same, Made First of all by our Englishmen and Afterwards by the Frenchmen and Britons (1582). His interests in languages and geography encouraged him to write books on travel where he drew inspiration from the logbooks, documents and oral histories of travelers from around the world. During this time, Hakluyt became increasingly convinced that England should lay claim to the territories in North America as quickly as possible, and gained support for his plan from influential men such as Francis Walsingham and Robert Cecil. Richard Hakluyt | Encyclopedia.com How does Hakluyt justify British claims to territorial possession in the Western Hemisphere? Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC - YUMPU Hakluyt also saw a future for England in the creation of rich towns, and believed that travel across the ocean would come easily with speedy communication between England and her colonies. In particular, he emphasizes that the economic challenges faced by Britain can be eliminated through colonial means. . c. 1552-1616. Richard Hakluyt lived during the Age of Exploration when opportunities were opening for European countries to explore unknown lands. His will refers to chambers occupied by him there up to the time of his death, and in another official document he is styled Doctor of Divinity (D.D.). In 1606 he appears as the chief promoter of the petition to James I for letters patent to colonise Virginia, which were granted on 10 April 1606. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." Shortly before its completion, he was granted by the queen the next vacant prebend at Westminster so that he might be at hand to advise on colonial affairs. English Perceptions of Treachery, 1583-1640: The Case of the - JSTOR Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View specifically for you for only 11.00 9.35/page. IvyPanda. EN. While he did not have the opportunity to travel around the world, he was able to live in France for five years as the chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. Discourse Concerning Western Planting - Wikipedia 2.8: Primary Sources - Humanities LibreTexts with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. (Cambridge: 1877), 1-5. Richard Hakluyt, frequently referred to as Richard Hakluyt the Younger to differentiate him from his older cousin who was also named Richard Hakluyt, was a 16th-century English geographer and minister. Hakluyt returned to London in 1588. The Discourse on the Western Planting | work by Hakluyt Without his urging, the English might have been content to rest in their foggy off-shore island while the Spaniards and Portuguese divided the world between them. From an early age, he was fascinated by geography and the prospect of the colonization of America. B. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC Money needed to come from private investment. A prominent English attorney and his younger cousin, both named Richard Hakluyt, urged the English government to begin settlements in lands claimed nearly a century earlier by John and Sebastian Cabot who explored North America for King Henry VII of England. [14] A number of his manuscripts, sufficient to form a fourth volume of his collections of 15981600, fell into the hands of Samuel Purchas, who inserted them in an abridged form in his Pilgrimes (16251626). How did Richard Hakluyt contribute to English history? Hence, religion is a careful strategy aimed at providing compassion and hope for the poor natives and the low-class English population while punishing the wicked through doctrinal or religious teachings. A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. Hakluyt posits that religion plays a fundamental role in matters related to colonization since it ceases to be a peripheral concern. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." An edition was published by the Hakluyt Society in the 19th century as, Charter of the Virginia Company of London, Vice-Admiral Bethune (Charles Ramsay Drinkwater Bethune), "The Free Sea. [16] The attention that the book excited in Paris encouraged Hakluyt to prepare an English translation and publish it in London under the title A Notable Historie Containing Foure Voyages Made by Certayne French Captaynes unto Florida (1587). "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." Cecil, who was the principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I, rewarded him by installing him as prebendary of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster on 4 May 1602. The outbreak of war with Spain put an end to the effectiveness of overseas propaganda and the opportunity for further exploration, so he began work on a project that he had had in mind for some time. Purchas procured some of Hakluyts manuscripts after his death and used them in Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes of 1625. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. Of chief concern would be for ''the enlargement of the gospel of Christ,'' in converting the natives to the Anglican religion. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. In essence, he argues that both the economic and social ambitions of England can be pursued via religious strategies. Hakluyt dedicated to Cecil the second (1599) and third volumes (1600) of the expanded edition of Principal Navigations and also his edition of Galvo's Discoveries (1601). English author, editor and translator (15531616), It has been suggested that the Hakluyts were originally, "Richard Hakluyt", 13 in pt. New World Exploration and English Ambition - PBS for only $11.00 $9.35/page. Reality, Team Leader: Exploiting New Opportunities, Studies of History of Indigenous People in Canada, Native American Studies in "We Shall Remain" Series, Native American Population and Federal Policies, Native American's Journal Entries in 1875-1934. Hakluyt's Benefits of Colonization. Of chief concern would be for ''the . (2021, April 8). It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. Indigenous people are also portrayed as laborers who are supposed to produce goods and act as fighters against enemies of England. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. Richard Hakluyt - Wikipedia Because of these connections, and his own expertise in overseas trade and economics, the man was well placed to assist young Richard in his life work. Grotius also argued that the seas should be freely navigable by all, which was useful since the England to Virginia route crossed seas which the Portuguese claimed. The inter-European rivalry appears to be the main theme in this literature. [10], While a Queen's Scholar at Westminster School, Hakluyt visited his guardian, whose conversation, illustrated by "certain bookes of cosmographie, an universall mappe, and the Bible," made Hakluyt resolve to "prosecute that knowledge, and kind of literature. Hakluyt revisited England in 1584, and laid a copy of the Discourse before Elizabeth I (to whom it had been dedicated) together with his analysis in Latin of Aristotle's Politicks. "[14] Although this was his only visit to Continental Europe in his life, he was angered to hear the limitations of the English in terms of travel being discussed in Paris.[11]. In support of Walter Raleighs colonizing project in Virginia, he prepared a report, known briefly as Discourse of Western Planting (written in 1584), which set out very forcefully the political and economic benefits from such a colony and the necessity for state financial support of the project. Richard Hakluyt was probably born in London, England, in 1553. [14], Hakluyt died on 23 November 1616, probably in London, and was buried on 26 November in Westminster Abbey;[5][27] by an error in the abbey register his burial is recorded under the year 1626. This work was intended to encourage the young colony of Virginia; Scottish historian William Robertson wrote of Hakluyt, "England is more indebted for its American possessions than to any man of that age. [33], A 14-volume critical edition of Hakluyt's Principal Navigations is being prepared by the Hakluyt Edition Project for Oxford University Press under the general editorship of Daniel Carey, National University of Ireland, Galway, and Claire Jowitt, University of East Anglia.[34]. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. Richard Hakluyt (/hklt, hklt, hklwt/;[1] 1553 23 November 1616) was an English writer. [14], Hakluyt was also a leading adventurer of the Charter of the Virginia Company of London as a director thereof in 1589. Besides, the occupation of key ports will enhance commercial activities since England will charge duties and control high-traffic regions. . He was the first to show "both the old imperfectly composed and the new lately reformed mappes, globes, spheares, and other instruments of this art. Richard received a good education first at the Westminster School, and then at Christ Church, Oxford. Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . In 1584 he wrote the promotional piece known as Discourse of Western Planting to urge a reluctant Queen Elizabeth I to support English colonies and to convince rich businessmen to invest in them. The private character of the memorial, which was not to be seen by the general eye, permitted Hakluyt to state freely the case for a colonial policy. A man named Walter Hakelut was knighted in the 34th year of Edward I (1305) and later killed at the Battle of Bannockburn, and in 1349 Thomas Hakeluyt was chancellor of the diocese of Hereford. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. He gave information to the newly formed East India Company and continued his interest in the North American colonizing project; he was one of the chief promoters of the petition to the crown for patents to colonize Virginia in 1606 and at one point contemplated a voyage to the colony. [24] Helen Thornton has suggested that the translation was commissioned by Thomas Smythe who became treasurer of the Virginia Company in 1609 and was also Governor of the East India Company. Some of the gentlemen of her court wished to pursue opportunities to colonize, and Hakluyt wrote Discourse on Western Planting to encourage her to lend her support to men such as Sir Walter Raleigh. Means to keep this enterprise from overthrow and the enterprisers from shame and dishonor. 232 lessons. That this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men, and for breeding of many sufficient, and for utterance of the great quantity of the commodities of our Realm. She is also a writer of historical fiction. . A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. Richard Hakluyt's Inducements to the Liking of the Voyage Intended towards Virginia, 1585"> the "excellent and fertile soile" on both sides of north america 's "greate and deep" natural waterways promised "all things that the life of man doth require," and whatever settlers wanted to plant they could expect to harvest in abundance sufficient to "trafficke in." Hakluyt the Elder was a supporter of English participation in the exploration of America. These views are first set out in the preface he wrote to John Florios translation of an account of Jacques Cartiers voyage to Canada, which he induced Florio to undertake, and are further developed in his first important work, Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America (1582). Frobisher's First Voyage - CBC He also mentioned that ''this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men'', which would bring great relief to those who without work. In 1612 Hakluyt became a charter member of the North-west Passage Company. Records also show that a Thomas Hakeluytt was in the wardship of Henry VIII (reigned 15091547) and Edward VI (reigned 15471553). The Discourse, a secret report, was not printed until 1877. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Richard Hakluyt lived at the time when the first phase of the Age of Discovery, during which mainly Southern Europeans attempted to discover a new route from Europe to Asia, was coming to an end and the era of Northern European exploration began. Hakluyts reflects on the importance of planting seeds of faith in the hearts of American natives as a means of colonizing them. [18], On 20 April 1590 Hakluyt was instituted to the clergy house of Wetheringsett-cum-Brockford, Suffolk, by Lady Stafford, who was the Dowager Baroness Sheffield. He held this position until his death, and resided in Wetheringsett through the 1590s and frequently thereafter.