. 299300). Is Uc San Diego The Same As University Of San Diego? The Metaphysical Confederacy: James Henley Thorn well and the Synthesis of Southern Values. See how American abolitionists, such as Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, and Thomas Garrett, helped enslaved persons escape to freedom, Learn how the work of Frederick Douglass still matters today, This article was most recently revised and updated by, Southern defense of the peculiar institution, The History of Slavery in North America Quiz, Slavery and Resistance Through History Quiz, raided the federal armoury in Harpers Ferry. In the North, the abolitionist cause was the driving force behind the message from religious institutions and theologians. Garrison was a close ally of Frederick Douglass, who escaped his enslavement and whose 1845 autobiography became a bestseller. In making their defense of slavery, they critiqued wage labor in the North. What led to the outbreak of the bloodiest conflict in the history of North America? where were the majority of the free blacks? Such other denominations as the Lutherans, Episcopalians, and Roman Catholics were affected by the slavery issue, although they did not have any formal separations until after the secession began (Hudson 1987, p. 193). yes, they dreamed of becoming rich and owning slaves, and their pride in their race would be diluted if the slaves were freed, independent small farmers in the Appalachians who owned no slaves and supported the Union. That it is inconsistent with a perfect statethat it is not absolutely a good, a blessingthe most strenuous defender of slavery ought not to permit himself to deny" (White 1911, p. 298). 255-268. Some felt that slaves would be too frightened and confused to be able to make a living for themselves. Nonslaveholders in the South followed the leadership of slave owners because they, they wanted to be slaveholders themselves. Others felt that slaves were too irresponsible to try to live on their own. Gallagher, Gary W., and Alan T. Nolan, eds. There were three main causes of the civil war including slavery, sectionalism and secession. John C. Calhoun, u201cSlavery as a Positive Good,u201d 1837. A slave is usually acquired by purchase and legally described as chattel, Opposition to slavery in British North America began in the late seventeenth century but was limited mostly to a minority of Quakers and a few Purita, Woolman, John Gale Library of Daily Life: American Civil War. After all, the New Testaments injunctions for slaves to obey their masters appeared alongside instructions for wives to obey their husbands., This hierarchy placed white men (including ministers) at the top, because slaves (and white women and children) were incapable of ordering themselves. did non-slaveowning southern whites support slavery? In what ways does Calhoun use legal arguments to defend the idea that Congress cannot interfere in the institution of slavery? The former-slave Frederick Douglass noted that that the framers purposefully avoided the mention of slavery in the Constitution. How did abolitionists in the North respond to Southern apologists? Although the support of the clergy did nothing to alter the outcome of the war, it did provide Southerners with a sense of having done the right thing. Southern ministers had written the majority of all published defenses of slavery, Jemison reminds us. John C. Calhoun, shown here in a ca. Planters' sons chose military or law careers rather than going into trade. Once again, the status of slavery in the territories became a hot issue. Wilson, Charles Reagan. In what way did the Confederate Constitution differ from the United States Constitution quizlet? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which identifies an advantage to slaves living on large plantations with stable slave populations?, Which practice provides the best evidence against the idea of benevolent planters who looked after the best welfare of their slaves?, Nonslaveholders in the South followed the leadership of slave owners because they and more. The prominent differences between the two were that the Confederate Constitution sought different guarantees of states rights and protected slavery as an institution. On one side were advocates like Garrison, who called for an immediate end to slavery. . Sig= used by Texans as a rallying point. The Slavery Apologists The role of the church in the Civil War and the events leading up to it was primarily one of moral guidance. What did Southern apologists believe about slavery? The sermon, which reads in part almost like the Declaration of Independence, notes that a nation "often has a character as well defined and intense as that of the individual" (Palmer 1860, p. 6). slavery actually reduced their standard of living. Southerners provided enslaved persons with care from birth to death, he asserted; this offered a stark contrast to the wage slavery of the North, where workers were at the mercy of economic forces beyond their control. Farmer, James O., Jr. Sold tons of land to newcomers. What were the 4 main causes of the Civil War? Interestingly, many white preachers made it a point of preaching to slave congregations; some turned their ministries exclusively to slaves. These denominations rapid expansion in the South, however, meant abandoning this position in recognition that upwardly mobile members increasingly included slaveholders. Justification for slavery came with this growth and found its parallels in the biblical subordination of women. 7879). If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. By the beginning of the Civil War, many Southerners saw themselves as morally superior to Northerners; after all, they had never tried to force their way of life onto the North. Gale Library of Daily Life: American Civil War. New York: Neale Publishing Company, 1911. ." At one end of its spectrum was William Lloyd Garrison, an "immediatist," the founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society (1833-70), who denounced not only slavery but also the Constitution of the United States for tolerating the evil. . Gale Library of Daily Life: American Civil War. And the states never delegated to the federal government any power to suppress secession. In the meantime, the White or European race, has not degenerated. Why was slavery the most important cause of the Civil War? Fitzhugh argued that laissez-faire capitalism, as celebrated by Adam Smith, benefited only the quick-witted and intelligent, leaving the ignorant at a huge disadvantage. Scriptural and Statistical Views in Favor of Slavery. Curiously, despite their status as personal property rather than as individuals, slaves were welcomed and even encouraged to attend church services. But let me not be understood as admitting, even by implication, that the existing relations between the two races in the slaveholding States is an evil:far otherwise; I hold it to be a good, as it has thus far proved itself to be to both, and will continue to prove so if not disturbed by the fell spirit of abolition. . Confederate Constitution explicitly supported slavery and asserted state rights. to enact gradual voluntary emancipation for slaves. Which statement best describes a major disadvantage to the extensive cotton production that took place in the Deep South? But a number of factors combined to give the movement increased momentum, particularly as abolitionisms cause became caught up in the undercurrents of sectionalism. Why did many yeoman farmers feel resentment toward rich planters, yet still support the institution of slavery? Which statement is true of cotton agriculture in the pre-Civil War era? I have seen them rock to and fro under the influence of their feelings, like a wood in a storm. What singing! In 1874, for instance, the Southern Methodists General Convention reaffirmed their attitudes and actions in the antebellum period, historian Elizabeth L. Jemison writes in her exploration of proslavery Christianity after Emancipation. ." showed how a defenseless animal could overcome a stronger one through cunning and deceit, a metaphor for survival as a slave. Image Source: Wikimedia.. continue reading Slavery as a Cause of the Civil War - National Park Service Rather, they note that the master-slave relationship has existed since the beginning of humanityand, that as long as masters understand their obligation to slaves (including the provision of spiritual sustenance), the system is overall an acceptable one. The Confederate version used the word slaves, unlike the U.S. Constitution. If political power went to a majority that was hostile to slavery, the Southand the honor of White southernerswould be imperiled. Abolition and the Abolitionists - National Geographic Society were located primarily in the backcountry. Maintaining slavery, many Southerners believed, was doing the slaves a favor. Frustrated with decades of what they saw as attacks on their morality by the abolitionist movement, many Southerners dug in their heels and became increasingly suspicious of the North. Abolition and the Union cannot coexist. Did the Confederate Constitution stated that each state was independent but must guarantee the gradual end of slavery in Confederate territory? Calhoun then offered a moral defense of slavery by claiming it to be a more humane method of organizing labor than the conditions wage laborers faced in industrial cities in Europe and the northern United States. 4 (WINTER 2013), pp. Baptist and Methodist churches had opposed slaveholding members in the early years of the Republic. The Life and Letters of Benjamin Morgan Palmer. In the late 1850s, she assisted Brown in his planning for the disastrous raid on a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. While many members of the Southern clergy (some of whom were men of national distinction) privately had questions about slavery, many others did notand in fact saw slavery as sanctioned by the Bible. 72, No. Retrieved April 27, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/slavery-apologists. Lincoln's famous "House Divided" speech of 1858 only. The master occupies towards him the place of parent or guardian. Identify the main proslavery arguments in the years prior to the Civil War. The defrocking ceremony was meant to humiliate a disgraced member of the clergy while discouraging laypeople from viewing him as a martyr. The term Lost Cause was first used by Edward A . Its pages featured firsthand accounts of the horrors of slavery in the South and exposed, for many, the inhumane treatment of enslaved people on U.S. soil. Moses Drury Hoge (19181899), once the personal minister to Jefferson Davis, noted that those who praised the colonial soldiers of the American Revolution and those who praised the Confederate soldiers did "homage to virtue. How did the Confederate Constitution differ from the U.S. Constitution? In it, the idea is presented that a country could change governments when the one in power was no longer right for the people. The focus on a single industry that was profitable only to a small minority prevented industrial and commercial growth. . Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1980. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. The Virginian George Fitzhugh contributed to the defense of slavery with his book Sociology for the South, or the Failure of Free Society (1854). Southerners, in contrast, were quiet, gentle, thoughtful, and given on occasion to "flights of genius" (p. 406). . Do American Freshmen Have To Live On Campus? . Southern Literary Messenger 30, no. From the 1820s until the start of the U.S. Civil War, abolitionists called on the federal government to prohibit the ownership of people in the Southern states. Sig= was a weak justification for slavery and racism in the south. What does this image reveal about the methods of those who advocated polygenism? Terms in this set (50) The Confederate Constitution stated that each state was independent but must guarantee the gradual end of slavery in Confederate territory. 1830s. few did because of the competition with slave labor, a former slave/the Barber of Natchez who owned slaves and property, no, they were prohibited from working in certain occupations and testifying against whites in court; they could be sold back into slavery; some states forbid their entrance, most forbid them from voting, and some forbid them from public schools, no, Congress outlawed it in 1808, but thousands were smuggled in. The secession of the Southern states following Lincolns election led to the American Civil War (186165). Was slavery the reason for the Civil War? The roots of the crisis over slavery that gripped the nation in 18601861 go back to the nations founding. Slavery and Civil War Flashcards | Quizlet . . . What hearty handshakings after the service. Instead, Calhoun insisted, slavery was a positive good. He went further, making legal arguments about the Constitution protecting states rights to preserve slavery. Tennessee Historical Quarterly, Vol. they founded the American Antislavery Society, along with Wendell Phililps, he ran an abolitionist newspaper in (free) Illinois but was murdered in 1837 after a Missouri pro-slavery group broke into his house and destroyed his equipment, southern abolitionists who grew up on a plantation but thought the idea was wrong; their speeches were successful because of the experience, he was influenced by Charles Grandison Finney and appealed to rural farmers; with help from Arthur and Lewis Tappan, he went to the Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati in 1832; he was expelled for organizing a debate on slavery in 1834 but proceeded to preach antislavery with other Lane Rebels; in 1839, he compiled the propaganda pamphlet American Slavery as It Is, headmaster of the Lane Theological Seminary in the early 1830s, he published the antislavery newspaper The Liberator in Boston beginning in 1831 and proposed ideas as to how to end slavery immediately; on July 4, 1854, he burned a copy of the Constitution. "Remember the Alamo". . In fact, it was the economics of slavery and political control of that system that was central to the conflict. . His wife, however, had inherited several slaves. What justification, after all, did white landowners have to enslave Africans except that slavery was a source of cheap labor? The right which the master has is a right not to the man, but to his labor (White 1911, p. 298). Under the pressure of worldwide public opinion, slavery was completely abolished in its last remaining Latin American strongholds, Cuba and Brazil, in 188086 and 188388 respectively, and thus the enslavement of persons of African descent by legal regimes ceased to exist as a Western phenomenon. did not create uniform prosperity throughout the region. Hi there! The rest of Palmer's sermon is an exhortation to stand firm against the reformers and the Northeven if that means secession. They often accompanied their parents and were cared for by older children. Proslavery theology persisted because religious arguments had situated slavery amidst other forms of household order and had relied upon widely accepted views of womens subordination as a corollary to slaves deprivation of rights. Southern Christians not only kept their antebellum worldview, they reaffirmed it as they helped rebuild the legal and social structures of white supremacy after terrorism and Northern indifference defeated Reconstruction. the north would cut off cotton exports, the British factories would close, mobs would force London to break the blockade, and the South would win; the British began to grow cotton in India, so this did not happen. In the last place, the negro race is inferior to the white race, and living in their midst, they would be far outstripped or outwitted in the chase of free competition. Can you think of a modern parallel to Fitzhughs argument? Baptized in Blood: The Religion of the Lost Cause, 18651920. How did the Confederate Constitution handle the issue of slavery quizlet? New York: Macmillan, 1987. They argued that slaves lived in better conditions than factory workers. How many times is slavery mentioned in the constitution? Aaron Sheehan-Dean is the Fred C. Frey Professor of Southern Studies at Louisiana State University. I have had my finger joints stripped of the skin in consequence of them (White 1911, p. 301). Abolitionist Movement - Definition & Famous Abolitionists - History They argued that inequality in society was inevitable. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Still, by the beginning of the nineteenth century a large number of Southerners in fact opposed slavery (Hudson 1987, p. 190). Sig= provided insight into the horrible life of a slave. They were of the opinion that slaves even had better lives than factory workers. 89). Which description best describes the "task" labor that many slaves performed on large plantations? By nature the most affectionate and loyal of all races beneath the sun, they are also the most helpless: and no calamity can befal [sic] them greater than the loss of that protection they enjoy under this patriarchal system" (Palmer 1860, pp. yes, some slaves found ways to sabotage their masters and stop working by working slowly, stealing, ruining equipment, letting animals escape, faking stupidity, etc. what did black abolitionist David Walker do? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); From an anti-abolitionist, pro-slavery cartoon, 1800. Born February 1818? On March 3, 1861, the day before President Abraham Lincoln's inauguration, General Winfield Scott proposed four alternatives for dealing with the secession crisis. Sig= gave blacks a sense of purpose and greater self esteem. to read John C. Calhouns Disquisition on Government. Why do you think he proposed the creation of a concurrent majority? . no, by 1850, less than 2,000 Southerners owned over 100 slaves and were usually politicians and aristocrats did some southerners own no slaves? Some prominent proslavery southern politicians, such as William L. Yancey of Alabama and John Slidell of Louisiana, were either raised in the North or northerners by birth.